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Blog DTF Yazıcısı Olmadan Bir DTF İşine Başlayabilir misiniz?

DTF Yazıcısı Olmadan Bir DTF İşine Başlayabilir misiniz?

July 12, 2026 Blog

Yes, you can start a DTF business without owning a DTF printer.

Instead of printing transfers yourself, you can order ready-to-press DTF transfers from a supplier and apply them to garments with a heat press. This allows you to sell custom T-shirts, hoodies, tote bags, uniforms, and other apparel without managing white ink, adhesive powder, curing equipment, RIP software, or daily printer maintenance.

For many beginners, this is one of the lowest-risk ways to enter the custom apparel market.

You can focus first on:

Finding customers
Creating designs
Preparing print-ready files
Pressing garments
Packaging orders
Building your brand
Learning which products actually sell

Once your order volume becomes stable, you can decide whether purchasing your own DTF yazıcı would improve your production speed, flexibility, and profit margin.

This guide explains how the business model works, what equipment you need, how to choose a transfer supplier, how to price your products, and when it makes sense to bring DTF production in-house.

How Can a DTF Business Work Without a Printer?

A complete DTF production workflow normally includes:

Printing the color image onto PET film
Printing a white ink underbase
Applying hot-melt adhesive powder
Removing excess powder
Curing the adhesive
Positioning the transfer on a garment
Applying heat and pressure
Peeling the carrier film
Completing a finishing press

When you outsource transfer production, the supplier handles the first five steps.

You receive a transfer that is already:

Printed in color
Backed with white ink
Coated with adhesive powder
Properly cured
Ready to apply

Your own workflow becomes much simpler:

Sanat eserini hazırlayın.
Order the correct transfer size.
Prepare the blank garment.
Transferi konumlandırın.
Isı ve basınç uygulayın.
Peel the film as instructed.
Complete a second press when required.
Inspect and package the finished product.

This means you can operate a DTF apparel business with a heat press, basic tools, blank garments, and a dependable transfer supplier.

Baskıya Hazır DTF Transferleri Nelerdir?

Ready-to-press DTF transfers are completed printed films that can be applied directly to fabric.

They are commonly supplied as:

Left-chest logos
Full-front shirt graphics
Back prints
Sleeve prints
Neck labels
Individual customer designs
Repeated logos
Gang sheets

A gang sheet places several designs on one larger sheet. It may contain different sizes, repeated logos, small labels, and multiple customer graphics.

Using gang sheets can reduce transfer cost because you make better use of the printable film area.

A ready-to-press transfer normally includes:

CMYK color ink
Beyaz mürekkepli alt taban
Sıcakta eriyen yapışkan toz
PET carrier film
Properly cured adhesive

The quality of these materials affects:

Color
Opacity
Stretch
El hissi
Yıkama direnci
Edge quality
Peel performance

Who Should Start With Outsourced DTF Transfers?

This business model is especially suitable for:

Home-based businesses
Etsy sellers
Social media sellers
Local T-shirt businesses
Event merchandise suppliers
School and sports apparel providers
Promotional product companies
Embroidery shops adding full-color printing
Sublimation businesses expanding into cotton apparel
Small clothing brands testing new designs

It is also practical for anyone who wants to validate demand before investing in printing equipment.

You may already own:

A heat press
A computer
Tasarım yazılımı
A sublimation printer
A vinyl cutter
Basic packaging tools

Adding ready-to-press DTF transfers gives you access to full-color printing on cotton, blends, polyester, and dark garments without adding a complete DTF production line.

For a broader startup strategy, see EraSmart’s guide on DTF baskıyla tişört işine nasıl başlanır.

What Equipment Do You Still Need?

You do not need a DTF printer, powder shaker, curing oven, DTF ink, PET film inventory, or RIP software at the beginning.

However, you still need a reliable pressing and fulfillment setup.

Isı Basın

The heat press is the most important machine in this business model.

For most beginners, a 15 × 15-inch or 16 × 20-inch flat heat press is suitable.

A reliable press should provide:

Even heat distribution
Kararlı basınç
Accurate temperature control
Adjustable pressure
A dependable timer
A strong frame
Easy garment loading
Repeatable results

A low-quality heat press may cause:

Incomplete adhesion
Kenar kaldırma
Çatlama
Uneven texture
Scorch marks
İşaretlere basın
Poor wash durability

A 16 × 20-inch press provides more room for large shirt graphics, hoodies, tote bags, and workwear. A 15 × 15-inch press may still be sufficient for a small home studio.

Computer or Laptop

You need a computer for:

Artwork preparation
Customer file management
Design resizing
Gang sheet layout
Supplier ordering
Product mockups
Invoicing
Order tracking
Online store management

Useful print file formats include:

PNG
PDF
TIFF
PSD
AI
EPS
SVG

Organize files by customer, order date, design version, product, and approved print dimensions.

Design Software

Ortak seçenekler şunları içerir:

Canva
Adobe Photoshop
Adobe Illustrator
CorelDRAW
Affinity Designer
Inkscape

Canva may be sufficient for simple text and template designs. Photoshop is useful for raster images and background removal. Illustrator and CorelDRAW are better for scalable logos, vector graphics, and detailed layout work.

Image quality matters. Enlarging a small screenshot will not create a sharp print. EraSmart’s guide to yazdırma için en iyi DPI explains how resolution affects print size and clarity.

Garment Alignment Tools

Yararlı araçlar şunları içerir:

Giysi hizalama cetveli
T-square ruler
Measuring tape
Centering ruler
Metal ruler
Isıya dayanıklı bant

These tools help maintain consistent placement across repeated orders.

If a business orders 30 logo shirts, the logo should appear in the same position on every garment.

Lint Roller

A lint roller removes:

Dust
Fabric fibers
Hair
Loose particles

Lint trapped under a transfer may create visible marks or reduce surface quality.

Heat Press Pillows and Pads

Heat press pillows help when garments include:

Seams
Collars
Zippers
Buttons
Pockets
Thick edges

They create a more level pressing surface so pressure reaches the transfer evenly.

Protective and Finishing Sheets

Prepare:

Parchment paper
Silicone finishing sheets
Teflon sheets
Release paper
Butcher paper

These materials protect the heat press and printed surface.

Some transfer suppliers recommend a short second press with a finishing sheet to improve adhesion or adjust the final texture.

Cutting Tools

You may need:

Makas
Zanaat bıçağı
Kesme matı
Kağıt düzeltici
Metal ruler

These tools are useful for separating individual graphics from gang sheets.

Blank Garments

A simple beginner inventory may include:

White T-shirts
Siyah Tişörtler
Gray T-shirts
Basic hoodies
Cotton tote bags
Önlükler
Polyester sports shirts

Avoid purchasing too many styles, colors, and sizes before you know what customers actually want.

A safer inventory strategy is:

Keep a small number of common samples.
Stock several popular sizes.
Order special colors after receiving payment.
Increase inventory only for proven sellers.

Packaging Supplies

Prepare:

Clear garment bags
Poli postalar
Kraft boxes
Kağıt mendil
Teşekkür kartları
Care instruction cards
Logo çıkartmaları
Nakliye etiketleri
Ambalaj bandı

Professional packaging helps a small business appear more reliable and established.

Hangi Ürünleri Satabilirsiniz?

You can use ready-to-press DTF transfers for far more than basic T-shirts.

Özel Tişörtler

Possible print placements include:

Full front
Full back
Small left chest
Sleeve
Neck label
Oversized streetwear print

T-shirts are usually the easiest entry product because they are widely available and easy to photograph, package, and sell.

Hoodies and Sweatshirts

Hoodies can create a higher order value than basic T-shirts.

Pay attention to:

Thick fabric
Pockets
Seams
Zippers
İşaretlere basın
Heat sensitivity

Use a pressing pillow when raised garment areas interfere with pressure.

Tote Bags

Cotton tote bags are suitable for:

Events
Schools
Weddings
Small businesses
Promotional campaigns
Gift packaging

Their flat surface makes them relatively easy to press.

Workwear and Uniforms

Şunları sunabilirsiniz:

Staff shirts
Restaurant uniforms
Cleaning company apparel
Contractor work shirts
Delivery uniforms
Salon apparel
Team polos

Business customers can become repeat buyers if you maintain consistent color, sizing, and placement.

Event and Group Apparel

Potential markets include:

Family reunions
School events
Sports teams
Birthday parties
Clubs
Charity events
Corporate activities

These orders often use repeated artwork, making gang sheets more cost-effective.

Küçük Giyim Markaları

Startup clothing brands often need:

Düşük minimum miktarlar
Multiple garment colors
Kısa üretim çalışmaları
Sık tasarım değişiklikleri
Fast sampling

DTF transfers are well suited to this flexible production model.

Advantages of Starting Without a DTF Printer

Lower Startup Cost

A complete in-house DTF setup may require:

DTF yazıcı
Rip yazılımı
DTF mürekkebi
PET filmi
Yapışkan toz
Toz çalkalayıcı
Kürleme fırını
Ventilation
Cleaning supplies
Spare maintenance parts

Starting with outsourced transfers removes most of these initial expenses.

Your main equipment investment is the heat press.

Less Maintenance

DTF printers require regular maintenance because white ink contains pigment that can settle.

Typical maintenance includes:

Beyaz mürekkep dolaşımı
Nozül kontrolleri
Baskı kafası temizliği
Capping station care
Wiper cleaning
Waste ink management
Humidity control
Ink line inspection

When you outsource transfer production, the supplier handles printer operation and maintenance.

Easier Learning Curve

You can learn the business in stages.

First, master:

Artwork preparation
Garment selection
Transfer positioning
Heat press settings
Quality inspection
Ambalajlama
Customer communication

Later, you can learn printing, powder application, curing, and RIP software if demand supports the investment.

Lower Risk While Testing Demand

Outsourcing allows you to test:

Design categories
Garment styles
Customer groups
Price points
Seasonal products
Local markets

You can collect sales data before purchasing a printer.

Flexible Small-Batch Production

You can order:

One-off designs
Short runs
Multiple logos
Mixed gang sheets
Detailed full-color artwork
Personalized names and numbers

This flexibility is valuable for custom orders and product testing.

Limitations of Operating Without a Printer

Less Control Over Lead Time

Your production schedule depends on:

Supplier processing time
Shipping time
Courier delays
Holiday schedules
Supplier workload

Same-day production may be difficult unless you already have the transfer in stock.

Higher Per-Transfer Cost

The supplier’s price includes:

Mürekkep
Film
Toz
Equipment
İş gücü
Bakım
Waste
Profit

At higher order volumes, producing transfers in-house may reduce the cost per design.

Limited Color Control

The supplier controls:

Mürekkep
Yazıcı ayarları
RIP profili
Beyaz mürekkep yoğunluğu
Baskı çözünürlüğü
Renk yönetimi

You control the artwork, but the final output still depends on the supplier’s production system.

Slower Reprints

If a transfer is damaged, incorrectly sized, or applied incorrectly, you may need to order another one. This can delay delivery.

Dependence on the Supplier

Your business depends on the supplier’s:

Quality
Communication
Geri dönüş süresi
Ambalajlama
Consistency
Shipping service

Maintain a backup supplier whenever possible. For a wider review of the technology, read EraSmart’s guide to the pros and cons of DTF printing.

How to Choose a DTF Transfer Supplier

Do not choose a supplier based only on price.

Order Samples First

Test several types of artwork:

Fine text
Small logos
Parlak renkler
Dark colors
Degradeler
Photographic designs
Thin lines
Large solid areas

One simple sample may not reveal all quality issues.

Check White Ink Opacity

White ink should provide a strong underbase on dark garments.

Test the same transfer on:

Black
Navy
Red
Gray
Other dark colors

Weak white ink may allow the garment color to affect the printed design.

Test Stretch

Gently stretch the printed area after pressing and cooling.

A good transfer should tolerate normal garment movement without immediate cracking.

Stretch performance also depends on:

Mürekkep
Yapışkan toz
Kürleme
Garment
Baskı koşulları

Perform Wash Tests

Wash test garments several times before accepting large orders.

Inspect for:

Kenar kaldırma
Çatlama
Fading
Ayrılma
Surface changes
Adhesion loss

Confirm Peel Type

Ask whether the transfer is:

Sıcak soyma
Warm peel
Soğuk soyma

Peeling at the wrong time may damage the design.

Review Gang Sheet Requirements

Ask about:

Available sheet sizes
Minimum spacing
Artwork formats
Maximum print width
File resolution
Quantity requirements

Confirm Turnaround Time

Kontrol etmek:

Production time
Shipping time
Rush service
Weekend processing
Holiday delays
Tracking availability

Do not promise a customer deadline before confirming the supplier’s schedule.

Inspect Packaging

Transfers should arrive:

Flat
Dry
Clean
Protected from bending
Protected from moisture
Clearly identified

How to Prepare Artwork for Outsourced Transfers

Suppliers may have different requirements, but common recommendations include:

Transparent PNG background
Correct print dimensions
Yüksek çözünürlük
Clean edges
No unnecessary background
Correct orientation
Accurate quantity
No mirroring unless requested

Many suppliers also accept:

PDF
TIFF
PSD
AI
EPS

Ask whether the supplier prefers RGB, CMYK, or a particular color profile.

Remove Unwanted Backgrounds

A DTF printer may print white ink under every visible pixel.

An unwanted background in the file may become part of the transfer.

Check Fine Details

Very thin lines and tiny text may not transfer well.

Small detached elements can also be difficult to powder and press consistently.

Confirm Exact Size

Use exact measurements such as:

10 inches wide
25 centimeters high
3.5-inch left-chest logo

Avoid vague descriptions such as “medium” or “full front.”

Obtain Customer Approval

Confirm:

Garment color
Baskı boyutu
Print position
Artwork version
Quantity

Keep written approval before ordering the transfer.

How to Apply a Ready-to-Press DTF Transfer

Always follow the supplier’s exact instructions.

The general process is below.

Step 1: Prepare the Garment

Place the garment flat on the lower platen.

Check for:

Wrinkles
Nem
Lint
Seams
Pockets
Buttons
Zippers

Use a lint roller.

Step 2: Pre-Press If Recommended

A short pre-press can:

Remove moisture
Flatten wrinkles
Prepare the fabric

Do not use excessive heat or time.

Step 3: Position the Transfer

Place the printed side against the garment.

Use an alignment ruler to confirm:

Center position
Distance from collar
Left-chest placement
Sleeve position

Secure small transfers with heat-resistant tape if necessary.

Step 4: Press the Transfer

Apply the recommended:

Sıcaklık
Zaman
Basınç

Do not assume every transfer uses the same settings.

Adım 5: Filmi Soyun

Peel according to the supplier’s instructions:

Sıcak soyma
Warm peel
Soğuk soyma

Peeling too early may lift the print. Peeling too late may affect workflow or surface appearance.

Step 6: Complete a Finishing Press

Some transfers benefit from a short second press.

Use:

Parchment paper
Silicone sheet
Finishing paper

Step 7: Inspect the Product

Kontrol etmek:

Edges
Small details
Position
Color
Yapışma
Surface finish
İşaretlere basın

Allow the garment to cool before packaging.

How Much Does It Cost to Start?

A basic outsourced-transfer setup may include:

Öğe	Priority
Isı presi	Essential
Bilgisayar	Essential if not already owned
Tasarım yazılımı	Essential
Hizalama araçları	Essential
Kesme aletleri	Essential
Protective sheets	Essential
Heat press pillows	Tavsiye edilen
Boş giysiler	Essential
Transfer samples	Essential
Ambalaj malzemeleri	Essential
Product photography setup	İsteğe bağlı
Etiket yazıcısı	İsteğe bağlı

Your total startup cost depends on equipment quality, blank inventory, workspace, and sales channel.

Also budget for:

Failed garments
Sample transfers
Shipping
Ambalajlama
Software subscriptions
Pazaryeri ücretleri
Marketing
Product photography
Business registration

How to Price DTF Products

Your selling price should include more than the garment and transfer.

Hesaplamak:

Blank garment cost
Transfer cost
Supplier shipping
Tasarım zamanı
Presleme süresi
Electricity
Ambalajlama
Payment fees
Pazaryeri ücretleri
Failed products
Overhead
Profit

A basic pricing formula is:

Total product cost + labor + overhead + profit margin = selling price

Charge for Artwork When Necessary

Customers may provide:

Screenshots
Blurry logos
Low-resolution images
Photos with backgrounds
Incorrect colors
Hand-drawn ideas

Create separate charges for:

Basic text setup
Background removal
Logo tracing
Complete custom design
Additional revisions
Rush service

Use Minimum Order or Setup Fees

One custom shirt may require nearly as much communication as a larger order.

You can protect your time with:

Minimum order values
One-piece premium pricing
Design setup fees
Rush fees
Bulk pricing tiers

How to Find Customers

Local Small Businesses

Approach:

Restaurants
Cleaning companies
Cafés
Gyms
Salons
Contractors
Repair shops
Delivery companies

Offer:

Staff shirts
Logo hoodies
İş kıyafeti
Event clothing

Schools and Clubs

Possible products include:

Club shirts
Sports apparel
Event merchandise
Teacher gifts
Fundraising clothing

Make sure you have permission to use protected logos.

Events

Hedef:

Birthdays
Family reunions
Weddings
Festivals
Charity events
Corporate activities

Online Sales

Possible channels include:

Etsy
Shopify
WooCommerce
Instagram
Facebook
Tiktok
Local marketplaces

Use real product photography whenever possible.

Business Partnerships

Potential partners include:

Embroidery shops
Sign shops
Graphic designers
Marketing agencies
Event planners
Gift shops

Kaçınılması Gereken Yaygın Hatalar

Choosing the Cheapest Supplier

Low price does not always provide good value. Poor transfers may cause:

Peeling
Weak color
Kalın el hissi
Toz kalıntısı
Çatlama
Customer complaints

Using One Press Setting for Every Transfer

Different films, powders, and suppliers may require different conditions. Keep a production record for every supplier.

Skipping Wash Tests

A transfer may look good immediately after pressing but fail after washing.

Buying Too Many Garments

Large blank inventory uses cash and storage space. Stock only proven sizes, colors, and styles.

Underpricing Design Time

Artwork preparation and customer communication can take longer than pressing the shirt.

Promising Deadlines Too Early

Build supplier production and shipping time into the customer schedule.

Ignoring Fabric Type

Some garments may experience:

Boya geçişi
Scorching
Shrinkage
İşaretlere basın
Adhesion problems

Test unfamiliar materials before accepting large orders.

When Should You Buy Your Own DTF Printer?

Starting without a printer is practical, but outsourcing may eventually limit growth.

Consider purchasing a printer when:

You order transfers every week
Transfer costs reduce your margin
Shipping costs become significant
Müşterilerin daha hızlı geri dönüşe ihtiyacı var
You frequently need urgent reprints
You want to print gang sheets on demand
You want greater color control
You plan to sell transfers
You have enough workspace
You can perform daily maintenance

Compare Outsourcing and In-House Costs

Review your current outsourcing costs:

Transfer price
Shipping
Rush fees
Reprints
Delays
Lost urgent orders

Then compare in-house costs:

Yazıcı
Mürekkep
PET filmi
Toz
Rip yazılımı
Kürleme ekipmanı
Bakım
Electricity
İş gücü
Waste

A printer may reduce the cost per transfer, but only when production volume is high enough.

Choose the Right Printer Size

Bir A4 DTF printer may be suitable for small graphics and limited production.

Bir A3 DTF yazıcı provides more room for commercial shirt graphics and gang sheets.

Larger roll-fed systems are better for high-volume production and transfer sales.

Before buying, review EraSmart’s DTF printer buying checklist.

A3 MAX XP600 DTF Yazıcı, Toz Çalkalama Makinesi ile

Daha yüksek verim ve daha otomatikleştirilmiş bir iş akışına ihtiyaç duyan mağazalar için tasarlanmış, üretime hazır bir çözüm.

DTF Baskı Makinesi — Tek L1800

Aşırı yatırım yapmadan güvenilir çıktı isteyen yeni kurulan şirketler ve küçük stüdyolar için pratik bir seçim.

A3 MAX DTF Yazıcı — Tekli XP600

A3 ayak izinde hıza ve istikrarlı çıktıya ihtiyaç duyan baskı mağazaları için dengeli performans.

A3 MAX DTF Yazıcı — Tek DX7

İnce ayrıntılara, yumuşak geçişlere ve birinci sınıf baskı hissine öncelik veren kullanıcılar için tasarlanmıştır.

G6 A3 DTF Yazıcı — Tek 1390

Küçük işletmelerin üretim rutinleri için popüler olan, istikrarlı günlük çıktı sağlayan güvenilir bir A3 modeli.

A4 DTF yazıcı

Startuplar ve küçük parti üretimi için mükemmel olan kompakt giriş seviyesi model.

A4L DTF yazıcı

Günlük küçük ölçekli üretim için gelişmiş mürekkep verimliliği ile geliştirilmiş A4 modeli.

A3L (1390) DTF yazıcı

Orta üretim için güvenilir R1390 anakartlı A3 format yazıcı.

A3 (1390) DTF yazıcı

Tutarlı günlük çalışma için 250ml mürekkep tanklarına sahip standart A3 modeli.

A3 (L1800) DTF Yazıcı

L1800 Baskı Kafası Modeli Ayrıntılı tasarımlar için üstün renk üremesi.

A3 Maxl DTF Yazıcı

Artan hız ve verimlilik için XP600 baskı kafalı A3 Max Serisi.

A3 Max DTF yazıcı

Profesyonel sonuçlar için DX7 baskı kafalı yüksek performanslı A3 modeli.

A3 Max DTF yazıcı

Profesyonel sonuçlar için XP600 baskı kafalı yüksek performanslı A3 modeli.

A3 Pro DTF Yazıcı

Yüksek hacimli üretim için profesyonel çift baskı kafası A3 yazıcı.

A1 (XP600) DTF Yazıcı

Çift XP600 kafalı endüstriyel geniş format yazıcı (620mm genişlik).

A1 (I1600) DTF Yazıcı

Çift I1600 kafalı yüksek hızlı endüstriyel model (10㎡/s çıkışı).

A1 (I3200) DTF Yazıcı

Maksimum üretkenlik için çift i3200 kafalı premium endüstriyel yazıcı.

A Practical Growth Plan

Stage 1: Outsource Every Transfer

Focus on:

Finding customers
Ürünleri test etme
Improving heat press quality
Preparing artwork
Building a portfolio
Learning pricing

Stage 2: Stock Repeated Designs

For repeat customers, keep common transfers such as:

Staff logos
Small business branding
Neck labels
Popular event graphics

Stage 3: Buy a Compact DTF Printer

Move production in-house when order data supports the investment.

Stage 4: Expand Production

Later, you may add:

Toz çalkalayıcı
Integrated dryer
Larger printer
Better ventilation
Additional heat presses
Transfer sales

Is Starting Without a Printer Profitable?

It can be profitable if you:

Select reliable transfers
Price products correctly
Charge for design work
Use gang sheets efficiently
Control blank inventory
Reduce pressing mistakes
Build repeat customers
Focus on profitable products

Profitability depends more on customer demand, pricing, and workflow than on owning a printer.

A business with one heat press and a strong customer base may outperform a business with expensive equipment but no consistent orders.

Son Düşünceler

You do not need a DTF printer to start a DTF business.

A beginner can order ready-to-press DTF transfers, apply them with a reliable heat press, and sell custom apparel without managing printing, white ink, powder, curing, or RIP software.

This approach helps you:

Reduce startup cost
Test customer demand
Learn the pressing process
Build a product portfolio
Develop repeat customers
Delay equipment investment

The trade-offs are supplier dependence, longer lead times, reduced production control, and higher transfer costs at larger volumes.

Once your order volume becomes consistent, bringing production in-house may improve margin, speed, and flexibility.

EraSmart offers compact and production-level DTF printing solutions for businesses ready to move from outsourced transfers to in-house production. The right time to upgrade is when actual customer demand supports the investment.

Sık sorulan sorular

Can I legally sell shirts made with outsourced DTF transfers?

Yes, provided you have the right to use the artwork, logo, character, trademark, or design being printed.

Do I need a heat press?

A reliable heat press is strongly recommended. A household iron cannot provide the same stable temperature and pressure.

Can DTF transfers be used on cotton?

Yes. DTF transfers are commonly used on cotton, polyester, and blended fabrics.

Can DTF transfers be used on dark shirts?

Yes. The white ink underbase helps the design remain visible on dark garments.

What size heat press should a beginner buy?

A 15 × 15-inch or 16 × 20-inch heat press is suitable for many small businesses.

Do I need RIP software when outsourcing transfers?

No. The supplier uses RIP software to prepare and print the transfer.

How should ready-to-press transfers be stored?

Keep them flat, dry, clean, and protected from heat, moisture, and dust. Follow the supplier’s storage recommendations.

Should I buy a DTF printer or continue outsourcing?

Continue outsourcing while order volume is inconsistent and maintenance is not practical. Consider purchasing a printer when demand is stable and outsourcing affects margin or turnaround time.